On Taylor weak statement finite element methods for computational fluid dynamics

A Taylor series augmentation of a weak statement (a ‘Taylor weak statement’ or ‘Taylor-Galerkin’ method) is used to systematically reduce the dispersion error in a finite element approximation of the one-dimensional transient advection equation. A frequency analysis is applied to determine the phase velocity of semi-implicit linear, quadratic and cubic basis one-dimensional finite element methods and of several comparative finite difference/finite volume algorithms. The finite element methods analysed include both Galerkin and Taylor weak statements. The frequency analysis is used to obtain an improved linear basis Taylor weak statement finite element algorithm. Solutions are reported for verification problems in one and two dimensions and are compared with finite volume solutions. The improved finite element algorithms have sufficient phase accuracy to achieve highly accurate linear transient solutions with little or no artificial diffusion.     

The one-dimensional soliton state of Bose-Einstein condensate

Under certain conditions, the Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a two-dimensional harmonic trap is associated with a one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation and a soliton solution. The influence of the initial condition on the solution is discussed. The critical initial number of condensed atoms to maintain a soliton is evaluated. In the Li case, this number is of the order of thousand. The energy per particle of the solitons is also calculated.     

引入固体颗粒强化膜态沸腾换热的机理分析

本文针对热轧棒材生产过程中穿水冷为背景,以热力学分析为基础,讨论了冷却介质中掺入固体颗粒后出现的强化沸腾换热的机理。认为固相颗粒的引入在汽化和凝结过程中形成了非均态核化中心,增加了核化几率,提高了膜内的扩散速率;固体颗粒的存在使得水膜减薄,汽泡的寿命缩短,甚至改变局部传热状态由膜态沸腾转变为核态沸腾。得出了固体颗粒携带水膜穿入蒸汽膜的必要条件是水与固体颗粒的润湿角θ<75°。     

测量电子气体的速度分布函数

利用夫兰克-赫兹实验仪测量了电子气体的速度分布函数,并分析了电子与氩原子碰撞的动力学过程.     

Comparative study of lattice‐Boltzmann and finite volume methods for the simulation of laminar flow through a 4:1 planar contraction

In the present paper, a comparative study of numerical solutions for Newtonian fluids based on the lattice‐Boltzmann method (LBM) and the classical finite volume method (FVM) is presented for the laminar flow through a 4:1 planar contraction at a Reynolds number of value one, Re=1. In this study, the stress field for LBM is directly obtained from the distribution function. The calculations of the stress based on the FVM‐data use the evaluations of velocity gradients with finite differences. The stress field for both LBM and FVM is expressed in the present study in terms of the shear stress and the first normal stress difference. The lateral and axial profiles of the velocity, the shear stress and the first normal stress difference for both methods are investigated. It is shown that the LBM results for the velocity and the stresses are in excellent agreement with the FVM results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the sizes of discrete velocity models of the Boltzmann equation for mixtures

The Boltzmann equation for a mixture of particles with different masses is modeled using symmetric discrete velocity models that involve energy interchange between the species of the mixture. The computational complexity of this problem is investigated. New discrete models are presented. Published in Zhurnal Vychislitel’noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki, 2007, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 1045–1054.     

Implicit formulation for advection–diffusion simulation based on particle distribution moments

This paper introduces an implicit method for advection–diffusion equations called Implicit DisPar, based on particle displacement moments applied to uniform grids. The present method tries to solve constraints associated with explicit methods also based on particle displacement methods, in which diffusivity-dominated situations can only be handled by considerably increasing the associated computational costs. In fact, a higher particle destination nodes number allows the use of higher diffusion coefficients for the transport simulation without instabilities. The average was evaluated by an analogy between the Fokker–Planck and the transport equations. The variance is considered to be Fickian. The particle displacement distribution is used to predict deterministic mass transfers between domain nodes. Mass conservation was guaranteed by the distribution concept. In the truncation error analysis, it was shown that the linear Implicit DisPar formulation does not have numerical error up to v − 1 order, if the first v particle moments are forced by the Gaussian moments. It was shown by theoretical tests for linear conditions that the model accuracy level is proportional to the number of particle destination nodes.     

High-energy probes

We review some results on energetic particle production in heavy-ion collisions below roughly 100A·MeV, both theoretically and experimentally. We discuss the possible mechanisms of particle production, as well as the possibility to gather information on the nuclear equation of state (EOS) from data. Results on subthreshold pions, energetic photons, nucleons and light charged particles (Z ⩽ 2) are discussed and contrasted to microscopic models. Important information about the first stages of the reaction are obtained by such probes. At present, we can conclude that we have at least a qualitative understanding of the processes involved when such particles are produced. However, a quantitative determination of relevant EOS parameters is still missing. The production mechanism close to the kinematical threshold (incoherent, cooperative or statistical) is not completely elucidated either. This calls for new data using more modern detector systems and comparison to more refined microscopic models.     

Acoustical Studies of Some Schiff Bases in 1,4-Dioxane and Dimethylformamide at 318.15 K

From experimental data of density,viscosity and ultrasonic velocity,the various acoustical properties,such asspecific impedance(Z),isentropic compressibility(к_s),Rao's molar sound function(R_m),the van der Waals con-stant(b),molar compressibility(W),intermolecular free length(L_f),relaxation strength(r),internal pressure(π),free volume(V_f),solvation number(S_n)etc.,were calculated for three Schiff bases in 1,4-dioxane and dimethylfor-mamide(DMF)at 318.15 K.The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions occurring in the solu-tions.     

格子Boltzmann方法模拟微尺度流动和传热

本文采用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)对微尺度Couette流的流动及传热进行了模拟.为了获得壁面边界的速度滑移和温度阶跃,在含有粘性热耗散的热格子模型的基础上,提出了一种新的直接基于宏观量的边界处理格式.模拟得到的速度场和温度分布与解析解吻合得相当好,充分说明了本文采用的模型和边界处理的合理性同时在模拟中还发现:对于不同的Kn数,均存在使得其上壁面的温度阶跃为零的临界Ec数,并且其临界值均在3.0附近.